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A data infrastructure is a digital infrastructure promoting data sharing and consumption. Similarly to other infrastructures, it is a structure needed for the operation of a society as well as the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function, the data economy in this case. == Background == There is an intense discussion at international level on e-Infrastructures and data infrastructure serving scientific work. The European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) presented the first European roadmap for new, large-scale Research Infrastructures.〔European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures. (2010). Strategy Report on Research Infrastructures. Publications Office of the European Union. http://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_en.cfm?pg=esfri〕 These are modeled as layered hardware and software systems which support sharing of a wide spectrum of resources, spanning from networks, storage, computing resources, and system-level middleware software, to structured information within collections, archives, and databases. The e-Infrastructure Reflection Group (e-IRG) has proposed a similar vision. In particular, it envisions e-Infrastructures where the principles of global collaboration and shared resources are intended to encompass the sharing needs of all research activities.〔e-Infrastructure Reflection Group. (2010). Blue Paper. E-IRG〕 In the framework of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) e-infrastructure programme, e-Infrastructures are defined in terms of integration of networks, grids, data centers and collaborative environments, and are intended to include supporting operation centers, service registries, credential delegation services, certificate authorities, training and help-desk services.〔Joint Information Systems Committee. (2006). e-Infrastructure Briefing Paper. JISC〕 The Cyberinfrastructure programme launched by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) plans to develop new research environments in which advanced computational, collaborative, data acquisition and management services are made available to researchers connected through high-performance networks.〔Cyberinfrastructure Council. (2007). Cyberinfrastructure Vision for the 21st Century Discovery. National Science Foundation.〕 More recently, the vision for “global research data infrastructures” has been drawn by identifying a number of recommendations for developers of future research infrastructures.〔Thanos, C. (2011). Global Research Data Infrastructures: The GRDI2020 Vision. GRDI2020. www.grdi2020.eu〕 This vision document highlighted the open issues affecting data infrastructures development – both technical and organizational – and identified future research directions. Besides these initiatives targeting “generic” infrastructures there are others oriented to specific domains, e.g. the European commission promotes the INSPIRE initiative for an e-Infrastructure oriented to the sharing of content and service resources of European countries in the ambit of geospatial datasets.〔European Parliament, Council. (2007, 3 14). Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Data infrastructure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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